目錄
Water can be divided into many different types, such as surface water, rainwater, reservoir water, river water, seawater, 地下水, 等等. They all play important roles on Earth.
In the field of agricultural irrigation, water is also widely used. Most irrigation water comes from surface water, such as river water and canal water. 此外, groundwater is also commonly used. 本文將先介紹水資源的現狀，然後再詳細解釋地下水的一些優點.
Overview of Water Resources
Groundwater, 顧名思義, is water resources stored beneath the surface. The Earth has abundant water resources, but the amount of water that can be directly used for irrigation is not as much as people imagine.
Most of the Earth’s freshwater resources are distributed in mountain glaciers and other hard-to-access areas. Although there is a large amount of seawater, it cannot be directly used. The relatively accessible river water, 湖水, and surface water account for only about 0.387% of the world’s total freshwater resources, and their distribution is uneven, making them unavailable in many regions.
然而, you may not realize that underground freshwater resources account for nearly 30% of the world’s total freshwater resources, which is dozens of times more than surface water. 此外, groundwater is distributed very evenly. In many dry areas lacking surface water, groundwater is almost the only source of freshwater. 在農業灌溉中, groundwater is also a very important source of freshwater.
所以, it can be said that if groundwater cannot be properly utilized, it would truly be a great waste of resources!
Advantages of Groundwater
We already know that groundwater is very important in the field of agricultural irrigation. So what advantages does it have? 下一個, let us list them one by one.
Large Reserves
The first thing that should be mentioned is the most obvious advantage of groundwater: its reserves are very large. As we mentioned in the figures above, you should know that its reserves are far greater than surface water. 當然, it should be noted that all the water mentioned in this article refers to freshwater. Seawater, which cannot be directly used, is not included in the discussion.
Wide Distribution
Groundwater exists almost everywhere. Many places have very harsh climates, such as drought, little rainfall, or a lack of rivers. Although surface water cannot be utilized in these places, groundwater can still be effectively used.
Strong Drought Resistance
Groundwater is deeply stored underground, so it is not easily affected by climate conditions. 例如, surface water may dry up under continuous high temperatures and strong sunlight. 然而, groundwater does not have this problem. No matter how the weather and climate change on the surface, the supply of groundwater can remain stable.
Flood Prevention Effect
Groundwater can not only prevent drought but also help prevent flooding. 一般來說, using groundwater for irrigation requires the construction of wells. These wells can not only provide water resources for agricultural irrigation areas but also help regulate the water level. During the rainy season, crops are less likely to be flooded.
Saving Land Resources
Traditional irrigation methods, such as canal irrigation, require the construction of channels, which occupy a certain amount of land resources. 然而, if groundwater is introduced through wells for irrigation, it does not take up much land, greatly saving land resources. 此外, later maintenance is also very convenient. This method not only saves land but also reduces labor and other costs.
Improving Irrigation Efficiency
Traditional canal irrigation requires transporting water over long distances to irrigation areas. During this process, a certain amount of water resources will be lost due to evaporation, leakage, 和其他因素. 然而, if groundwater well irrigation is used, these losses can be avoided, and the water delivery time can also be greatly reduced. 因此, irrigation efficiency is improved.
The above are the six advantages of groundwater. If combined with modern water-saving irrigation technologies such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, the irrigation effect and efficiency can be significantly improved. This has already become a very popular irrigation method today.
最後一句話
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作者: 邁克爾
編輯: 邁克爾
內容審閱者: 邁克爾
