目录
什么是灌溉管
在灌溉系统中, 使用了许多不同的组件 - 例如洒水器, 微喷雾器, 泵, 过滤器, 和管道. 所有这些都很重要，每个人都扮演着不同的角色. 但是如果我们问: 灌溉系统中最重要和必不可少的元素是什么? 答案可能只是一个 - 水. 因为水是允许农作物和植物繁衍和生长的必要生命来源.
然而, 除非来自自然降雨, 大量水不能直接直接到达农作物. 这就是为什么存在灌溉技术的原因 - 人类设计的方法以向植物输送水. 所以, 管道在该系统中扮演什么角色? 让我们用一个类比来解释它.
人体依靠血液来维持生命, 血液的循环需要血管. 血管延伸到整个身体, 使血到达每个部分. 相似地, 灌溉管就像灌溉系统的血管. 感谢他们, 水和养分可以顺利传递到系统的每个角落.
所以, 完全了解灌溉管的功能和类型到选择它们非常有价值. 就像医生用手术刀研究血管以了解其结构, 本指南将为您提供详细的解释灌溉管的内容.
灌溉管的功能
管道代表了在各个领域（例如施工）中使用的广泛类别, 行业, 和灌溉. 不同的应用在管道上提出了不同的需求, 这给不同类型的管道带来了独特的特征. 在灌溉领域, 合格的管道必须具有良好的压力阻力, 耐腐蚀性, 密封性能, 灵活性, 稳定, 和抗衰老.
让我们从灌溉管的工作压力开始. 根据他们的功能, 管道可以分为供应管和排水管. 灌溉管通常属于供应管的类别. 常用的压力等级为PN10和PN16, 壁厚的主要不同 - 厚壁意味着更高的压力阻力. 对于大多数标准灌溉系统, 在PN10等级的管道已经足够.
压力阻力对于灌溉管道至关重要. 如果灌溉期间的水压超过管道可以处理的, 即使管道最初不会破裂, 长期暴露于高压最终会导致损害并导致破裂. 这不仅破坏了灌溉系统的操作，而且导致水资源浪费. 此外, 由于管道通常在户外铺设, 暴露于阳光和风能加速压力抗压的管道的降解.
灌溉管的第二个特征是耐腐蚀性. 户外灌溉系统通常面临复杂的条件. 不同区域的水源可能略有酸性或碱性, 土壤本身可能具有腐蚀作用. 此外, 管道经常携带肥料和水, 这会进一步腐蚀或损坏管道材料. 所以, 灌溉管必须具有一定水平的化学腐蚀性; 否则, 他们将无法长期运输水.
第三个功能是密封性能. 使用各种配件连接灌溉管, 例如肘部, T恤, 和耦合. 如果管道和配件之间的连接不紧密, 可能发生漏水和渗水等问题, 导致水浪费并降低传输效率. 因此, 不得忽略灌溉管与配件之间的密封.
下一个, 让我们讨论灌溉管的灵活性和稳定性. 乍一看, 这些似乎是对立的特征, 但实际上, 他们密切相关. 灵活性至关重要，因为灌溉系统通常安装在复杂且可变的环境中, 例如山地或丘陵地形，海拔不平坦. 在这样的设置中, 刚性管道可能无法很好地适应. 灵活的管道, 另一方面, 可以弯曲, 折叠, 并改变方向, 使它们在这些具有挑战性的景观中特别有价值.
那稳定呢? 这也很容易理解. 使用相同的山区或丘陵地区的例子, 虽然需要安装灵活性, 这样的地形也会引起压力波动. 这些波动会影响水输送，并导致分布不均匀. 所以, 必须设计这些区域的灌溉系统，以确保稳定的压力和供水. 这可以通过调节压力的设备或通过将灌溉系统分为更好的区域来实现.
如我们所见, 灵活性和稳定性可能似乎矛盾, 但是就像阳和阳的古代中国哲学, 它们是相互联系的，并相互支持.
The fifth feature of irrigation pipes is aging resistance. This is essential for all irrigation pipes because they are almost always installed outdoors. Although some pipes can be buried underground, many are laid on the surface and exposed directly to the elements—wind, rain, sunlight, heat, and cold. Prolonged exposure inevitably causes some degree of wear and degradation. High-quality, aging-resistant pipes can withstand these conditions and ensure the long-term and stable operation of the irrigation system.
Types of Irrigation Pipes
“Irrigation pipe” is a general term. Depending on the type, it can be further divided into many different categories. 例如, by material, they can be classified as PVC pipe, PE管, metal pipe, ETC. By function, there are also dripline, 滴胶带, 放置平坦的软管, rain hose, 等等. 以下, I will introduce each of these types one by one.
1. PVC管
PVC管是一种非常普遍且流行的塑料管，主要用于建筑项目, 行业, 和灌溉. 当用于灌溉时, 它通常用作主要或二级供水管, 垂直洒水管, 或地下管道. 它在灌溉系统中广泛受到以下优势的青睐:
- 耐腐蚀性
PVC材料具有极好的耐腐蚀性. 在户外条件下, 腐蚀是可能的, 但是对于PVC管道, 这不是问题. 特别是与金属管相比, 它不容易腐蚀或生锈.
- 高温抗性
农业灌溉中使用的管道必须达到高标准的温度和抗紫外线. PVC管道满足这些要求, 因为它们不容易变形, 变得脆弱, 或在高温下破裂, 确保灌溉系统的长期操作.
- 稳定
PVC管具有出色的化学稳定性，并且不容易与氧化剂或还原剂等物质反应, 确保管道的耐用性.
- 耐用性
PVC管是一种坚硬且刚性的管道，具有良好的压力性，并且不容易变形. 它即使在中等至高压灌溉环境中也可以很好地工作.
- 易用性
与PE管相比, PVC管道更轻，可以像包装一样嵌套, 使运输和处理更加容易. 连接方法也很简单 - 通常仅使用特殊胶将两个管道粘合在一起. 在安装过程中, 如果地面不平坦或有障碍, PVC管道可以与各种配件配对以解决这些问题.
- 光滑的内壁
The inner wall of PVC pipe is smooth and not prone to scaling, which improves water flow efficiency and ultimately enhances the overall efficiency of the irrigation system.
2. PE管
PE pipe is also a very popular type of pipe, and especially in irrigation, it is even more favored than PVC pipe. Based on flexibility, it can be classified as either rigid or flexible. 例如, HDPE pipes are commonly used rigid pipes in systems with fixed water supply lines. There are also flexible PE pipes that offer more adaptability. 全面的, since irrigation systems do not have the same stringent standards as industrial applications, PE pipes—affordable yet durable and pressure-resistant—are widely welcomed. Their features include:
- 耐腐蚀性
Like PVC pipes, PE pipes also offer excellent chemical corrosion resistance, 能够处理由肥料引起的腐蚀和在灌溉环境中变化的土壤酸度.
- 低温抗性
这对于温室中的灌溉系统可能并不重要, 但这在寒冷地区至关重要. 与PVC管道相比, PE管道即使在冰冻条件下也保持良好的灵活性和抗裂纹性.
- 压力阻力
在灌溉中, PE管具有足够的压力电阻. 较大的灌溉区意味着更高的水压, PE管道可以用作主要管道, 承受压力. 如前所述, 灌溉系统通常不涉及高压, 因此，在这种情况下，PE管非常有效.
- 寿命长
许多因素会影响灌溉管的寿命, 天气是最常见的，例如阳光暴露, 风, 下雨. 优质的PE管 (用维珍材料制成, 信誉良好的品牌) 在恶劣条件下仍然可以表现良好，需要最少的维护或更换.
3. 金属管
与PVC和PE管相比, 金属管明显更耐用和耐压, 而且他们的寿命也更长.
在压力性方面, 塑料管根本无法与金属相提并论. 金属管可以应付数十公斤的工作压力. 它们通常安装在水泵附近, 由于靠近水源，压力最高. 所以, 在高压水输送系统或具有强水流的区域中, 金属管和配件通常需要.
至于寿命, 金属管的性能也很好. 进行适当的维护, 他们可以持续数十年 - 越过非金属管. 我们经常在数百年历史的博物馆中看到古老的青铜和铁工件. 这证明了金属产品可以长多持久!
然而, 金属管也有缺点, 例如他们生锈的趋势. 供长期使用, 需要抗粘附治疗. 一个更重要的问题是他们的高成本. 我们如何看待成本取决于应用程序. 在某些领域, 成本不是主要问题. 但是在灌溉中, 高成本金属管通常过于杀伤. PVC和PE塑料管完全满足灌溉需求，并提供更高的总体成本效果比.
4. 滴管
滴灌是圆柱形的, 薄壁滴灌管, 通常用作灌溉网络中的分支或末端供水管. Small holes and drippers are embedded along its walls, allowing water to slowly and evenly drip onto crops, providing them with a steady water supply.
Dripline is usually made of PE plastic and performs well in pressure resistance, 耐腐蚀性, 和紫外线抗性. It is a type of flexible pipe—soft and durable, able to bend and fold—making it highly versatile, especially in complex terrain.
These characteristics make it widely used in drip irrigation systems.
5. 滴胶带
Drip tape is similar to dripline in many ways. It is also made of PE plastic and has good resistance to corrosion, 压力, and UV light. It is a flexible pipe, well-suited for adaptable installation. Its walls also feature drippers and small holes to deliver water or fertilizer to crops.
然而, its appearance differs from dripline. When water is not flowing, it appears flat. It can be rolled or folded, providing excellent installation flexibility.
6. 放置平坦的软管
Lay flat hose is a soft pipe that appears flat when water is not flowing. It is usually made of PVC or PE, with UV-resistant additives added during manufacturing. It features excellent resistance to corrosion, abrasion, tension, 和破裂, and is lightweight and flexible.
Because it is flat and soft, it is also lightweight, easy to coil or fold, and convenient for storage, 运输, and installation. With a relatively large diameter, it is not used as a terminal pipe but is typically employed as a high-flow main or secondary water supply pipe.
7. Rain Hose
Rain hose is a flat micro-spray hose. Similar to drip tape, its wall contains small holes, but these are designed for spraying water. After the rain hose is laid out and water is supplied, the water sprays out of the small holes like rainfall, providing moisture to nearby crops and plants.
Rain hose is also made of PE material and performs well in corrosion and UV resistance. 然而, it is more cost-effective than drip tape or similar pipes, though its service life is shorter. It is very popular in small irrigation areas, settings where equipment is frequently updated, or in markets where price sensitivity is high.
8. Irrigation Micro Tube
Irrigation micro tube is an extremely narrow pipe. Common sizes include 3/5, 4/7, 8/11, 和 9/12. 例如, 4/7 means the pipe has an inner diameter of 4 mm and an outer diameter of 7 毫米. It is available in both PVC and PE materials and is smooth, easy to coil, flexible, and resistant to freezing and cracking.
It belongs to the category of terminal micro water supply pipes. It is usually used together with micro-sprayers, drip arrows, 滴头, ETC. Once connected with irrigation micro tubes, these devices can continuously deliver water to plants.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Irrigation Pipes
Creating a suitable irrigation pipe network is not a simple task. It requires taking many factors into account, such as soil, crops, 环境, 等等. Below are several key factors to consider:
- Soil Conditions
Soil has always played a very important role in irrigation systems. Not only does it affect crop growth, but it also determines how to choose the appropriate irrigation method. 一般来说, soil types can be classified as sandy soil, clay soil, saline-alkali soil, ETC. Different soil types require different irrigation methods, 自然决定要使用的灌溉管的类型.
以沙质土壤为例. 这种类型的土壤保留率很差，浸润率很高, 因此需要大量流量的管道以确保足够的供水.
- 作物要求
灌溉管的选择还必须考虑种植的农作物类型; 没有一种尺寸适合的解决方案. 例如, 对于像果树这样的植物, 将PE管与灌溉微管和微链接组合结合使用可以提供高度精确的水输送. 此方法也适用于温室蔬菜, 当它直接向植物根部供水. 对于观赏盆栽的植物, 可以使用带有滴箭的灌溉微管.
然而, 用于大规模和稠密的单作物, drip irrigation pipes are not suitable because the installation costs are too high. 在这种情况下, using PVC riser pipes with sprinklers for spray irrigation is a more appropriate option.
- Water Pressure and Flow Rate
这也很容易理解. Water pressure and flow rate directly determine the type of pipe that should be used. 例如, in high-pressure and high-flow irrigation areas, soft pipes are not suitable. 在这种情况下, rigid PVC pipes should be used for water delivery, and in areas with extremely high pressure, metal pipes may even be necessary. In areas with medium to low water pressure, PE pipes are a more cost-effective choice.
- Environment
Different environments naturally require pipes with different characteristics and qualities. 例如, in hot regions, pipes with excellent UV resistance and high-temperature aging resistance should be selected. In cold regions, pipes with strong resistance to freezing and cracking are needed.
- Cost-effectiveness
Irrigation pipes should not be chosen blindly. A well-planned irrigation scheme should be developed in the early stages, and then the most suitable pipes can be selected while also considering cost. 例如, in medium to low-pressure irrigation areas, plastic pipes are more suitable than metal ones, as they are fully capable of handling such working conditions and are much more cost-effective.
Another example is when you want to achieve spray irrigation but find the prices of conventional products like sprinklers too high—you can consider using a rain hose as a more affordable alternative.
How to Lay Irrigation Pipes
Before laying irrigation pipes, proper design is required. A well-designed and well-executed layout can significantly reduce costs while also extending the service life of the irrigation equipment. In the early stages, many factors need to be considered, such as the size of the irrigated area, the location and condition of the water source, crop spacing, 还有更多.
一般来说, the larger the irrigated area, the longer the pipes that need to be laid, and the higher the pipe pressure will be. 所以, when selecting the main pipe, a larger diameter should be chosen. In most cases, we can first determine the pressure and flow rate of the water pump and then use that to decide on the pipe specifications. 然而, it’s also important to note that even if the inner wall of a long pipe is very smooth, there will still be resistance and energy loss during water transport. 有时, a better option may be to add more water pumps and divide the area into different irrigation zones, rather than simply extending the length of the pipe.
When it comes to pipe selection, the main types we use are PVC pipes and PE pipes. The advantages of PVC pipes include low cost, easy installation, and strong corrosion resistance. They are suitable for projects that require high water quality and do not involve high pipe pressure. 另一方面, PE pipes are known for their flexibility and resistance to low temperatures. They also have strong impact resistance, making them suitable for complex terrain.
此外, we must consider the overall layout and efficiency of the irrigation piping system. Without affecting the final irrigation performance, the design should aim to avoid excessive crisscrossing of the pipe network and minimize the use of elbows, T恤, and other fittings. This is because these elements increase water resistance and reduce irrigation efficiency.
Once the initial planning and design ideas are finalized, the pipe-laying process can begin. Let’s take drip tape as an example. Before installation, some tools need to be prepared, such as scissors, 打孔工具, irrigation mini valves, 和管道配件.
第一的, lay out the main and sub-main pipes. Main pipes can use HDPE pipes or layflat hoses, which are used to connect the water source and guide water to the irrigation area. Then connect the sub-main pipes perpendicularly to the main pipe. 最后, connect the drip tape to the sub-main pipe. During this process, care should be taken to avoid twisting or tangling the drip tape.
After the pipes are laid, use appropriately sized plugs, clamps, or strings to seal the ends, preventing water from leaking out and avoiding waste of water resources. 最后, turn on the water flow to check whether the piping system is functioning properly. If the pipes work normally without any blockages or poor flow, then the pipe installation has been successfully completed.
Maintenance of Irrigation Pipes
To ensure the long-term and proper operation of irrigation pipes, it is necessary to carry out regular and essential maintenance. This includes routine inspections to check for issues such as leaks, cracks, 形变, or aging of the pipes. If any of these problems are found, timely repair or replacement of the pipes is required.
For a piping system, in addition to leakage, one of the most common issues is blockage, which is usually caused by the accumulation of debris inside the pipes. This is especially important in areas with poor water quality, where regular cleaning of the pipe interior is essential to prevent clogging.
而且, data monitoring and management is also an effective way to avoid pipe-related problems. 例如, regularly monitoring and recording the pressure and flow rate of the pipes, and comparing the results with historical data, allows for quick detection and response to any significant anomalies, helping to prevent issues from escalating.
结论
Due to space limitations, this marks the end of our introduction to irrigation pipes. 通过本文, we have mainly explored the characteristics and types of irrigation pipes, how to choose them, how to lay them out, and how to maintain them. We hope this information has been helpful to you.
当然, irrigation piping is a broad topic that can be expanded into many related discussions. I will continue to share more knowledge about irrigation pipes in the Rainfaun blog. Please stay tuned for updates!
最后, 我想介绍我们的公司. Rainfaun is a manufacturer and supplier of irrigation products headquartered in Ningbo, 中国. We work with customers from various countries around the world, producing and supplying the products they need. In terms of irrigation pipes, we offer PVC管道和配件, PP配件, BSP pipes and fittings, 滴管, 滴胶带, layflat hose, irrigation micro tube, 还有更多. 当然, we also supply related products such as 洒水器, 微喷枪, 滴灌阀, 和 drip fittings. You can learn more about our full product range through our website.
If you have any questions, 随意 点击这里 to consult us.
作者: 艾伦和迈克尔
编辑: 迈克尔
内容审阅者: 迈克尔
